Transparent soap is basically partly soap and partly solvent. Sodium Hydroxide causes crystals to form in soap and that is why the soap becomes opaque, in order to make it transparent, you have to dissolve the soap in enough solvent to make the crystals so small that the light will freely pass through the soap, which makes it look transparent.
There is no magic number when it comes to the quantity of solvents required for a particular recipe, transparency will exist in a narrow window within a range. A good way to find the right quantity of solvents is to start by calculating a 60% soap/40% solvent ratio and then a 50% soap/50% solvent ratio, depending on your formula, transparency will exist somewhere in that range.
It is a good basic recipe and it works, it yielded my first successful batch of transparent soap, I modified it because I use 75.5% Alcohol instead of the 70% Alcohol used in the original recipe. Formulas can be adapted to use with the Alcohol you can find, although it would be difficult to go below 70% (140 Proof).
First, assemble your supplies and clear 5 to 6 hours off your schedule. Preheat your oven to 80oC (if it will go that low, if not, you will use the slow cooker to bring your soap to gel). Put a clear cup or glass in the freezer, you will need it to test the transparency of your soap. You will also need a wisk, lots of spoons, a spray bottle with Ethanol in it, colorants (food colorants work), FO or your favorite perfume, a large pot with a spout, some seal plastic wrap and a small plastic strainer.
Measure your oils and heat them up in the slow cooker, I use a 4 liter slow cooker, anything smaller would not work for this recipe, if you use a larger crock pot, you may have to tip it on its side somewhat so you can use your stick blender to mix the oils and the lye solution. Mix the lye (NaOH) with 170 grams of water and set aside to cool. When the oils and the lye are about 60oC, pour the lye solution into the oils and stir with the stick blender, it should take only a few minutes to get to a good medium trace.
At that point, put the cover on the soap and put it in an 80oC oven for 1.5 hour. (If your oven won't go that low, just leave the soap in the slow cooker on warm and check it after an hour to see if it is going through the gel stage, I am not sure how long it will take for the soap to become neutral that way, but it should not take more than 2 hours. Try to minimize water loss because we already took a big water discount).
After 1.5 hour, your soap should be neutral (PH of 9 - 10.5 is fine). The entire soap mass should be in the gel stage and look like somewhat like this:
Stir it and test it either with phenolphthalein (if you have any) or litmus paper, if you don't mind the "tongue test", there should be no zap :)
(To test using Litmus paper, dissolve some of the soap into a little bit of water and apply the paper to the soap, this should give you a good reading).
When you are certain that your soap is "neutral", it is time to mix in the Ethanol and the Glycerin. Measure 383 grams of Ethanol and 85 grams of Glycerin. Mix the Glycerin into the Ethanol and then, off heat, start pouring into the soap mass while stirring with a whisk. Pour the Ethanol/Glycerin mixes in slowly, taking time to break up lumps of soap. You must work quickly in order to minimize the loss of Ethanol, but do not panic and go too fast, take the time to break the big lumps. Finish with the stick blender or a potato masher, anything that will break the bigger pieces
Make sure you get all the soap that sticks to the sides and the bottom of the bowl.
All the soap will not dissolve completely right way; you will have pieces of soap floating in a soupy mixture of Ethanol/Glycerin and dissolved soap..
That's alright; the little lumps will dissolve during the cook. Keep your head away from the bowl otherwise you will get an instantaneous hang over ;).
Start the kitchen fan, Ethanol vapors are highly flammable and you don't want them to accumulate in your kitchen
Put the cover back on the crock pot insert and put the insert back in the slow cooker. Cook on warm (depending on your slow cooker, you may have to start it on high for a few min., then put it back on warm) for 30 - 45 min. Check it once in a while, the temperature should be between 70 - 80oC. I have a very cheap slow cooker wrap around the edge of the lid to prevent the loss of Ethanol while the soap cooks.
After 30 - 40 minutes of cooking time, check to see if the soap is well dissolved, there will be a layer of foamy soap on top, spray that down with some Ethanol in a spray bottle. Stir with a clean spoon. Some of it won't want to go back into the solution and will float on top, do not worry, this is normal; we will address that a bit later. Prepare your sugar syrup. Heat 113 grams of water to a boil, turn off the heat, pour in 227 grams of sugar and stir until all the sugar is dissolve. Turn the heat back on and bring it back to a boil, then let simmer covered for 1 - 2 min to make sure all the sugar is well dissolved.
Get the cup you put in the freezer before you began the soap, and pour a little bit of the clear soap stock on it to test the transparency.
At first the soap sample may look transparent, but it may not be, put the cup in the freezer for 5 - 10 min and look at it again. If your soap looks milky, it needs more solvents.
Method
That is when making transparent soap can test your patience. Do not panic at this time and think the soap will go bad if you have to make more than one test, the soap is perfectly fine on warm setting in the crock pot, as long as you keep the mixture around 70oC, you can take all night to adjust it if you want, just make sure to spray some Ethanol on it and then put the cover on to minimize the loss of Ethanol in between tests. You may have lost some of the Ethanol during cooking time so your soap is not transparent yet. (That is what happened to me this time). We are working from an existing recipe that we know works, so the solvent requirements should be pretty close to the numbers provided. In my case, I added 14 grams of Ethanol. My soap was still not transparent enough, so I added 57 grams of sugar dissolved in 28 grams of water. Finally, I added 57 grams of glycerin, 28 grams at a time.
(For a total of 397 grams of Ethanol, 283 grams of sugar in 142 grams of water and 142 grams of glycerin). I didn't have to do that the last time I made that soap that shows that you may have to adjust recipes, even good ones, because there are a lot of factors that can influence the final results.
Method
I finally had a clear sample, so it was time to pour the soap into a jar to let it cool down a little. I poured through a strainer, to keep any soap flecks or foam out of the final soap stock.
Method
When your soap has cooled off to 60oC, scent and colors it, then pour it into molds. (There will be a skin on top of the soap, spray it with a little Ethanol and then mix it, it should dissolve). You may have some foam on top of the soap after you pour it in the molds, a good spray of Ethanol should take care of it. (Note: I pour my soap in my molds through a small strainer, just to make sure)
Method
After a few hours, check the soap, if it is hard enough, you can take from the mold it, take it out of the freezer and wait about 5 min. before you pop the soap out of the mold. Be careful not to touch it too much, because at this point, you will leave fingerprints on it. Let the soap dry and cure for about 2 weeks before you use it, during those two weeks, it will become harder and even more transparent. A skin will form on top of the soap, polish it with Ethanol and then wrap in shrink wrap to keep the humidity out.
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